Interactive Systems Research and Development: e-textiles, audio electronics, musical instruments, GUIs and UIMS, Open Sound Control (OSC), DAW.

Unfinished Business: The Elusive Guitar Synthesizer

Mon, 07/27/2020 - 16:50 — AdrianFreed
When I left for Paris after my undergraduate degree in Australia, I brought the beginnings of a guitar synthesizer along to develop. My modest progress at that time to the challenge was a hexaphonic optical pickup and the unfortunate discovery that Phase Lock Loop (PLL) chips of the day would not reliably track any slightly interesting guitar playing I could come up with. Forty years later the situation is not much better.

Machine Learning and AI at CNMAT

Fri, 07/24/2020 - 14:27 — AdrianFreed
This is the first of a set of thematic overviews of CNMATs work I am writing that cover the period since our inception to the closing in 2017 of the research sector after David Wessel’s death. The activities themselves are more completely understood with concurrent perspectives of many themes so this serialization is more a reflection of the cursed sequentiality of language than any suggestion that a particular theme might be more important than an other. Future themes may include Spatial Audio, Musical Programming Tools, Musical control Structuring, Instrument Building, etc.

CMOS Inverter Oscillator

Wed, 05/08/2019 - 08:36 — AdrianFreed
This alternative to the 555 timer for making audio oscillators is built from simpler building blocks (inverters) and has more versatility. You can find the schematics that correspond to the build video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzO_ZKMSnAU
See video

I almost killed Bob Moog

Tue, 05/07/2019 - 09:10 — AdrianFreed
The 1989 International Computer Music Conference was a standout event in my career that almost turned into a disaster. My name was on three papers, CNMAT was beginning to function well, I met two of my childhood heroes there, Bob Moog and Wendy Carlos, and I was demonstrating an ambitious product in the trade show, the Reson8 DSP multiprocessor designed and built by myself and Marie-Dominique Baudot.

My best π day

Thu, 03/14/2019 - 10:20 — AdrianFreed
My best π day was in 1975 when I invented a new way to estimate π using elementary geometry and algebra. This wasn’t a particularly important result for the mathematical world because there were already so many ways to estimate π but it was one of those moments I can see now as watershed that strongly shaped the rest of my life.

Textile 555 Oscillator ElectroSomatophone for circuit bending

Thu, 04/12/2018 - 15:39 — AdrianFreed
When I saw Martin De Bie's Textilo e-textile 555 oscillator I wondered if it could be extended to allow for body interactions with the pads using CMOS 555 timers in the spirit of the CrackleBox.textilo.jpg

I tested this CMOS 555 breadboard version.

555wearable.png

This informed suggested improvements to Textilo to Martin who came up with a textile layout which we used to teach during the audio workshop of e-textile Spring Break: http://youtube.com/HdMsk6c3WGw

Alex blogged a great student perspective of this workshop.

I also brought along some PCB's which can be sewed to or pressed on Lego baseboards.

To address the need for more interaction room for the fingers I suggested to Martin to look at a radiating octagonal design. He prototyped this at the camp in copper:

sidebyside.jpg

Nicole Messier also picked up on this design pattern and made a 555 oscillator based FM Radio transmitter:

transmitter555.png

A walk through the schematic may be helpful.

  • We install a capacitor to ground (470pF) from pin 2.
  • Pin 6 is connected to Pin 2.
  • A 1Mohm pullup resistor is used on pin 4 (reset).
  • There is a decoupling capacitor for the speaker output (pin 3)
  • The diode (from battery to pin 8) is to help you not destroy the 555 timer if you install the battery backwards.

    Now what makes things productively confusing is the absence of resistors in the story. These are provided by your fingers or additional LDRs or piezoresistive fabrics. The layout is designed to give you room to put fingers in the useful places for the two popular ways of making the 555 timer oscillator. One way creates square waves. The other makes controllable pulse waves. I capture these possibilities on the following schematic which has a special notation for where you add variable resistance:

    IMAG0578.jpg

    • Where there is a Whug there is a Way: Triaxial e-textile Breadboard

    Sun, 07/16/2017 - 00:16 — AdrianFreed

    Description:

    Rectangular grids are dominant forms in electronics and textiles. Triaxial grids have not been explored in e-textile work so this breadboard is offered to begin these explorations. Triaxial grids sample the plane with higher density and the availability of whug connections as well as warp and woof simplifies circuits by providing a natural power/ground/signal triple.

    Making:

    The basic 3x3x3 configuration is made by sticking conductive copper tape on strips of basket-weaving reed. This is intended to evoke the thousands of year old traditions of basket weaving and invite 3-d explorations.

    Card stock is easier to procure and stick the tape to. The idea is to use a substrate that won’t burn when you solder to the tape. Substitute fabric ribbons if you are going to sew to the breadboard instead.

    I used pins to lock down two of parallel rows of 3 strips and then slid in the final row, guiding them over and under as required. The example has charlieplexed LED’s soldered on but this is just to start you thinking about how you might use such a dense array of available conductors.

    Consider replacing a central strip with one with copper tape on both sides. Work out which conductors are then connected. Now consider sandwiching piezoresistive fabric between intersecting conductors. Can you use this to read an array of pressures sensors?

    References/Inspirations:
    core memory beading
    triaxial textiles
    basket weaving
    multitouch

    Materials: Cane, copper tape

    Techniques: Weaving

    The provided swatches will just be the breadboard. Illustrated are some  LED’s controlled by  Charlieplexing.

    Circuit Diagram:
    http://www.pcbheaven.com/wikipages/Charlieplexing/

    Conductive Paper Pressure Sensor and Arduino Teensy

    Fri, 08/19/2011 - 19:27 — AdrianFreed

    Overhand knot in a strip of carbon-loaded paper becomes an FSR that can be easily connected to your favorite microcontroller (in this case a teensy running with the Arduino C++ tool chain).

    This is part of my Fingerphone instrument.

    Wearable Video Game Platform Bracelet

    Mon, 06/21/2010 - 12:45 — AdrianFreed
    This bracelet has an Arduino-powered ring of white LED's with a 3-axis accelerometer tilt sensor.

    How many interactions/games can you think of with this platform?

    There are 3 in the video:

    Hand in the air: flashes (because at a party you want to signal that you want someone to talk to?).

    Horizontal hand: always illuminates the top LED's whatever rotation your arm has ("smart flashlight")

    Spins of the wrist: a blob spins around in the same direction and slows to a stop.

    For a commercially produced inertial-sensing band keep an eye out on getymyo

    OSCuino rough Arduino OSC sketch for Open Sound Control work

    Thu, 01/21/2010 - 11:00 — AdrianFreed
    This example uses the recommended OSC SLIP wrapping for OSC serial messages. Attached is an example Max/MSP patch to display the OSC messages which represent the pin states, temperature and power supply voltages. You may need slipOSC from the CNMAT downloads page to unwrap the USB serial OSC. This is a simple introduction to building OSC messages. Yotam Mann built a complete library for Arduino that does the full OSC encoding available on github CNMAT. 
    /*
 * OSCuino Rough
 * Copyright 2009 Adrian Freed. All Rights Reserved
 * Read and send the state of the Arduino pins to a host
 * using the recommended Open Sound Control (OSC)  serial wrapping: slip
 *
 * version 0.95
   tested on teensy 2.0, teensy++ 1.0, lilypad, basic 168 Arduino
   lilypad.
   The Arduino Mega works if you build with the latest release
   candidate Arduino.
 *
 */
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

// The following OSC API is temporary. Although it generates valid OSC packets
// it does not use OSC best practices or provide complete OSC features
// In particular there are no time tags (no standard clock on Arduino)
// or bundles and this api only provides for vectors of the same OSC type
// these issues will be addressed in a C++ library

const byte eot = 0300;
const byte slipesc = 0333;
const byte slipescend = 0334;
const byte slipescesc = 0335;
void oscoutbyte(byte b)
{
  if(b==eot){ 
    Serial.print(slipesc);
    Serial.print(slipescend); 
  }
  else if(b==slipesc) {  
    Serial.print(slipesc);
    Serial.print(slipescesc); 
  }
  else  Serial.print(b, BYTE);

}
void oscout10b(unsigned int b)
{
  Serial.print(0, BYTE);
  Serial.print(0, BYTE);

  oscoutbyte((b>>2));
  oscoutbyte((b<<6));
}
void oscoutword( int b)
{
  Serial.print(0, BYTE);
  Serial.print(0, BYTE);
  // Serial.print(2);
  oscoutbyte((b>>8));
  oscoutbyte((b>>0));

}
void oscoutlong(unsigned long b)
{
  oscoutbyte((b>>24));
  oscoutbyte((b>>16));
  oscoutbyte((b>>8));
  oscoutbyte((b>>0));

}
void oscoutfloat(float f)
{
  union
  {
    float f;
    unsigned long l;
  } 
  x;
  x.f = f;
  oscoutlong(x.l);
}
void sendOSCempty(char *name, char *s)
{
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
  Serial.print(name);

  int n =0;
  while( *name++)
    ++n;
  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);
  Serial.print(",");
  n = 1;
  while(*s)
    Serial.print(*s++), ++n;

  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);

  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
}    


void sendOSCints(char *name,  int *integers, int length)
{
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
  Serial.print(name);

  int n =0;
  while( *name++)
    ++n;
  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);
  Serial.print(",");
  for(int i=0;i<length;++i)
  {
    Serial.print("i");
  }
  n = (length+1 )%4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);

  for(int i=0;i<length;++i)

    oscoutword(integers[i]);
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);

} 
void sendOSCfloats(char *name,  float *floats, int length)
{
    sendOSCthings( name, 'f', (uint32_t *) floats, length);
}

void sendOSCthings(char *name, char type, uint32_t *data, int length)
{
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
  Serial.print(name);

  int n =0;
  while( *name++)
    ++n;
  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);
  Serial.print(",");
  for(int i=0;i<length;++i)
  {
    Serial.print(type);
  }
  n = (length+1 )%4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);

  for(int i=0;i<length;++i)
    oscoutlong(data[i]);
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
}    
 static inline  void sendOSClongs(char *name,  long *longs, int length)
{
     sendOSCthings(name,'i', (uint32_t *)longs,  length);
}
void sendOSCbits(char *name, boolean *bits, int length)
{
  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
  Serial.print(name);

  int n =0;
  while( *name++)
    ++n;
  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);
  Serial.print(",");
  n = 1;
  for(int i=0;i<length;++i)
    Serial.print(bits[i]?'T':'F'),++n;
 
  n %= 4;
  n = 4-n;
  //Serial.print(n);
  while(n--)
    Serial.print(0,BYTE);

  Serial.print(eot,BYTE);
}    

static PROGMEM float floattable[1024] = {
0.000000, 0.000978, 0.001955, 0.002933, 0.003910, 0.004888, 0.005865, 0.006843, 0.007820, 0.008798, 0.009775, 
0.010753, 0.011730, 0.012708, 0.013685, 0.014663, 0.015640, 0.016618, 0.017595, 0.018573, 0.019550, 
0.020528, 0.021505, 0.022483, 0.023460, 0.024438, 0.025415, 0.026393, 0.027370, 0.028348, 0.029326, 
0.030303, 0.031281, 0.032258, 0.033236, 0.034213, 0.035191, 0.036168, 0.037146, 0.038123, 0.039101, 
0.040078, 0.041056, 0.042033, 0.043011, 0.043988, 0.044966, 0.045943, 0.046921, 0.047898, 0.048876, 
0.049853, 0.050831, 0.051808, 0.052786, 0.053763, 0.054741, 0.055718, 0.056696, 0.057674, 0.058651, 
0.059629, 0.060606, 0.061584, 0.062561, 0.063539, 0.064516, 0.065494, 0.066471, 0.067449, 0.068426, 
0.069404, 0.070381, 0.071359, 0.072336, 0.073314, 0.074291, 0.075269, 0.076246, 0.077224, 0.078201, 
0.079179, 0.080156, 0.081134, 0.082111, 0.083089, 0.084066, 0.085044, 0.086022, 0.086999, 0.087977, 
0.088954, 0.089932, 0.090909, 0.091887, 0.092864, 0.093842, 0.094819, 0.095797, 0.096774, 0.097752, 
0.098729, 0.099707, 0.100684, 0.101662, 0.102639, 0.103617, 0.104594, 0.105572, 0.106549, 0.107527, 
0.108504, 0.109482, 0.110459, 0.111437, 0.112414, 0.113392, 0.114370, 0.115347, 0.116325, 0.117302, 
0.118280, 0.119257, 0.120235, 0.121212, 0.122190, 0.123167, 0.124145, 0.125122, 0.126100, 0.127077, 
0.128055, 0.129032, 0.130010, 0.130987, 0.131965, 0.132942, 0.133920, 0.134897, 0.135875, 0.136852, 
0.137830, 0.138807, 0.139785, 0.140762, 0.141740, 0.142717, 0.143695, 0.144673, 0.145650, 0.146628, 
0.147605, 0.148583, 0.149560, 0.150538, 0.151515, 0.152493, 0.153470, 0.154448, 0.155425, 0.156403, 
0.157380, 0.158358, 0.159335, 0.160313, 0.161290, 0.162268, 0.163245, 0.164223, 0.165200, 0.166178, 
0.167155, 0.168133, 0.169110, 0.170088, 0.171065, 0.172043, 0.173021, 0.173998, 0.174976, 0.175953, 
0.176931, 0.177908, 0.178886, 0.179863, 0.180841, 0.181818, 0.182796, 0.183773, 0.184751, 0.185728, 
0.186706, 0.187683, 0.188661, 0.189638, 0.190616, 0.191593, 0.192571, 0.193548, 0.194526, 0.195503, 
0.196481, 0.197458, 0.198436, 0.199413, 0.200391, 0.201369, 0.202346, 0.203324, 0.204301, 0.205279, 
0.206256, 0.207234, 0.208211, 0.209189, 0.210166, 0.211144, 0.212121, 0.213099, 0.214076, 0.215054, 
0.216031, 0.217009, 0.217986, 0.218964, 0.219941, 0.220919, 0.221896, 0.222874, 0.223851, 0.224829, 
0.225806, 0.226784, 0.227761, 0.228739, 0.229717, 0.230694, 0.231672, 0.232649, 0.233627, 0.234604, 
0.235582, 0.236559, 0.237537, 0.238514, 0.239492, 0.240469, 0.241447, 0.242424, 0.243402, 0.244379, 
0.245357, 0.246334, 0.247312, 0.248289, 0.249267, 0.250244, 0.251222, 0.252199, 0.253177, 0.254154, 
0.255132, 0.256109, 0.257087, 0.258065, 0.259042, 0.260020, 0.260997, 0.261975, 0.262952, 0.263930, 
0.264907, 0.265885, 0.266862, 0.267840, 0.268817, 0.269795, 0.270772, 0.271750, 0.272727, 0.273705, 
0.274682, 0.275660, 0.276637, 0.277615, 0.278592, 0.279570, 0.280547, 0.281525, 0.282502, 0.283480, 
0.284457, 0.285435, 0.286413, 0.287390, 0.288368, 0.289345, 0.290323, 0.291300, 0.292278, 0.293255, 
0.294233, 0.295210, 0.296188, 0.297165, 0.298143, 0.299120, 0.300098, 0.301075, 0.302053, 0.303030, 
0.304008, 0.304985, 0.305963, 0.306940, 0.307918, 0.308895, 0.309873, 0.310850, 0.311828, 0.312805, 
0.313783, 0.314761, 0.315738, 0.316716, 0.317693, 0.318671, 0.319648, 0.320626, 0.321603, 0.322581, 
0.323558, 0.324536, 0.325513, 0.326491, 0.327468, 0.328446, 0.329423, 0.330401, 0.331378, 0.332356, 
0.333333, 0.334311, 0.335288, 0.336266, 0.337243, 0.338221, 0.339198, 0.340176, 0.341153, 0.342131, 
0.343109, 0.344086, 0.345064, 0.346041, 0.347019, 0.347996, 0.348974, 0.349951, 0.350929, 0.351906, 
0.352884, 0.353861, 0.354839, 0.355816, 0.356794, 0.357771, 0.358749, 0.359726, 0.360704, 0.361681, 
0.362659, 0.363636, 0.364614, 0.365591, 0.366569, 0.367546, 0.368524, 0.369501, 0.370479, 0.371457, 
0.372434, 0.373412, 0.374389, 0.375367, 0.376344, 0.377322, 0.378299, 0.379277, 0.380254, 0.381232, 
0.382209, 0.383187, 0.384164, 0.385142, 0.386119, 0.387097, 0.388074, 0.389052, 0.390029, 0.391007, 
0.391984, 0.392962, 0.393939, 0.394917, 0.395894, 0.396872, 0.397849, 0.398827, 0.399804, 0.400782, 
0.401760, 0.402737, 0.403715, 0.404692, 0.405670, 0.406647, 0.407625, 0.408602, 0.409580, 0.410557, 
0.411535, 0.412512, 0.413490, 0.414467, 0.415445, 0.416422, 0.417400, 0.418377, 0.419355, 0.420332, 
0.421310, 0.422287, 0.423265, 0.424242, 0.425220, 0.426197, 0.427175, 0.428152, 0.429130, 0.430108, 
0.431085, 0.432063, 0.433040, 0.434018, 0.434995, 0.435973, 0.436950, 0.437928, 0.438905, 0.439883, 
0.440860, 0.441838, 0.442815, 0.443793, 0.444770, 0.445748, 0.446725, 0.447703, 0.448680, 0.449658, 
0.450635, 0.451613, 0.452590, 0.453568, 0.454545, 0.455523, 0.456500, 0.457478, 0.458456, 0.459433, 
0.460411, 0.461388, 0.462366, 0.463343, 0.464321, 0.465298, 0.466276, 0.467253, 0.468231, 0.469208, 
0.470186, 0.471163, 0.472141, 0.473118, 0.474096, 0.475073, 0.476051, 0.477028, 0.478006, 0.478983, 
0.479961, 0.480938, 0.481916, 0.482893, 0.483871, 0.484848, 0.485826, 0.486804, 0.487781, 0.488759, 
0.489736, 0.490714, 0.491691, 0.492669, 0.493646, 0.494624, 0.495601, 0.496579, 0.497556, 0.498534, 
0.499511, 0.500489, 0.501466, 0.502444, 0.503421, 0.504399, 0.505376, 0.506354, 0.507331, 0.508309, 
0.509286, 0.510264, 0.511241, 0.512219, 0.513196, 0.514174, 0.515152, 0.516129, 0.517107, 0.518084, 
0.519062, 0.520039, 0.521017, 0.521994, 0.522972, 0.523949, 0.524927, 0.525904, 0.526882, 0.527859, 
0.528837, 0.529814, 0.530792, 0.531769, 0.532747, 0.533724, 0.534702, 0.535679, 0.536657, 0.537634, 
0.538612, 0.539589, 0.540567, 0.541544, 0.542522, 0.543500, 0.544477, 0.545455, 0.546432, 0.547410, 
0.548387, 0.549365, 0.550342, 0.551320, 0.552297, 0.553275, 0.554252, 0.555230, 0.556207, 0.557185, 
0.558162, 0.559140, 0.560117, 0.561095, 0.562072, 0.563050, 0.564027, 0.565005, 0.565982, 0.566960, 
0.567937, 0.568915, 0.569892, 0.570870, 0.571848, 0.572825, 0.573803, 0.574780, 0.575758, 0.576735, 
0.577713, 0.578690, 0.579668, 0.580645, 0.581623, 0.582600, 0.583578, 0.584555, 0.585533, 0.586510, 
0.587488, 0.588465, 0.589443, 0.590420, 0.591398, 0.592375, 0.593353, 0.594330, 0.595308, 0.596285, 
0.597263, 0.598240, 0.599218, 0.600196, 0.601173, 0.602151, 0.603128, 0.604106, 0.605083, 0.606061, 
0.607038, 0.608016, 0.608993, 0.609971, 0.610948, 0.611926, 0.612903, 0.613881, 0.614858, 0.615836, 
0.616813, 0.617791, 0.618768, 0.619746, 0.620723, 0.621701, 0.622678, 0.623656, 0.624633, 0.625611, 
0.626588, 0.627566, 0.628543, 0.629521, 0.630499, 0.631476, 0.632454, 0.633431, 0.634409, 0.635386, 
0.636364, 0.637341, 0.638319, 0.639296, 0.640274, 0.641251, 0.642229, 0.643206, 0.644184, 0.645161, 
0.646139, 0.647116, 0.648094, 0.649071, 0.650049, 0.651026, 0.652004, 0.652981, 0.653959, 0.654936, 
0.655914, 0.656891, 0.657869, 0.658847, 0.659824, 0.660802, 0.661779, 0.662757, 0.663734, 0.664712, 
0.665689, 0.666667, 0.667644, 0.668622, 0.669599, 0.670577, 0.671554, 0.672532, 0.673509, 0.674487, 
0.675464, 0.676442, 0.677419, 0.678397, 0.679374, 0.680352, 0.681329, 0.682307, 0.683284, 0.684262, 
0.685239, 0.686217, 0.687195, 0.688172, 0.689150, 0.690127, 0.691105, 0.692082, 0.693060, 0.694037, 
0.695015, 0.695992, 0.696970, 0.697947, 0.698925, 0.699902, 0.700880, 0.701857, 0.702835, 0.703812, 
0.704790, 0.705767, 0.706745, 0.707722, 0.708700, 0.709677, 0.710655, 0.711632, 0.712610, 0.713587, 
0.714565, 0.715543, 0.716520, 0.717498, 0.718475, 0.719453, 0.720430, 0.721408, 0.722385, 0.723363, 
0.724340, 0.725318, 0.726295, 0.727273, 0.728250, 0.729228, 0.730205, 0.731183, 0.732160, 0.733138, 
0.734115, 0.735093, 0.736070, 0.737048, 0.738025, 0.739003, 0.739980, 0.740958, 0.741935, 0.742913, 
0.743891, 0.744868, 0.745846, 0.746823, 0.747801, 0.748778, 0.749756, 0.750733, 0.751711, 0.752688, 
0.753666, 0.754643, 0.755621, 0.756598, 0.757576, 0.758553, 0.759531, 0.760508, 0.761486, 0.762463, 
0.763441, 0.764418, 0.765396, 0.766373, 0.767351, 0.768328, 0.769306, 0.770283, 0.771261, 0.772239, 
0.773216, 0.774194, 0.775171, 0.776149, 0.777126, 0.778104, 0.779081, 0.780059, 0.781036, 0.782014, 
0.782991, 0.783969, 0.784946, 0.785924, 0.786901, 0.787879, 0.788856, 0.789834, 0.790811, 0.791789, 
0.792766, 0.793744, 0.794721, 0.795699, 0.796676, 0.797654, 0.798631, 0.799609, 0.800587, 0.801564, 
0.802542, 0.803519, 0.804497, 0.805474, 0.806452, 0.807429, 0.808407, 0.809384, 0.810362, 0.811339, 
0.812317, 0.813294, 0.814272, 0.815249, 0.816227, 0.817204, 0.818182, 0.819159, 0.820137, 0.821114, 
0.822092, 0.823069, 0.824047, 0.825024, 0.826002, 0.826979, 0.827957, 0.828935, 0.829912, 0.830890, 
0.831867, 0.832845, 0.833822, 0.834800, 0.835777, 0.836755, 0.837732, 0.838710, 0.839687, 0.840665, 
0.841642, 0.842620, 0.843597, 0.844575, 0.845552, 0.846530, 0.847507, 0.848485, 0.849462, 0.850440, 
0.851417, 0.852395, 0.853372, 0.854350, 0.855327, 0.856305, 0.857283, 0.858260, 0.859238, 0.860215, 
0.861193, 0.862170, 0.863148, 0.864125, 0.865103, 0.866080, 0.867058, 0.868035, 0.869013, 0.869990, 
0.870968, 0.871945, 0.872923, 0.873900, 0.874878, 0.875855, 0.876833, 0.877810, 0.878788, 0.879765, 
0.880743, 0.881720, 0.882698, 0.883675, 0.884653, 0.885630, 0.886608, 0.887586, 0.888563, 0.889541, 
0.890518, 0.891496, 0.892473, 0.893451, 0.894428, 0.895406, 0.896383, 0.897361, 0.898338, 0.899316, 
0.900293, 0.901271, 0.902248, 0.903226, 0.904203, 0.905181, 0.906158, 0.907136, 0.908113, 0.909091, 
0.910068, 0.911046, 0.912023, 0.913001, 0.913978, 0.914956, 0.915934, 0.916911, 0.917889, 0.918866, 
0.919844, 0.920821, 0.921799, 0.922776, 0.923754, 0.924731, 0.925709, 0.926686, 0.927664, 0.928641, 
0.929619, 0.930596, 0.931574, 0.932551, 0.933529, 0.934506, 0.935484, 0.936461, 0.937439, 0.938416, 
0.939394, 0.940371, 0.941349, 0.942326, 0.943304, 0.944282, 0.945259, 0.946237, 0.947214, 0.948192, 
0.949169, 0.950147, 0.951124, 0.952102, 0.953079, 0.954057, 0.955034, 0.956012, 0.956989, 0.957967, 
0.958944, 0.959922, 0.960899, 0.961877, 0.962854, 0.963832, 0.964809, 0.965787, 0.966764, 0.967742, 
0.968719, 0.969697, 0.970674, 0.971652, 0.972630, 0.973607, 0.974585, 0.975562, 0.976540, 0.977517, 
0.978495, 0.979472, 0.980450, 0.981427, 0.982405, 0.983382, 0.984360, 0.985337, 0.986315, 0.987292, 
0.988270, 0.989247, 0.990225, 0.991202, 0.992180, 0.993157, 0.994135, 0.995112, 0.996090, 0.997067, 
0.998045, 0.999022, 1.000000, 
};


static inline float floatfrom10bitint(int n)
{
  return pgm_read_float(floattable+constrain(n,0,1023));
}

inline void digitalPullup(byte pin, boolean b) { 
  pinMode(pin, INPUT); 
  digitalWrite(pin, b?HIGH:LOW); 
}

#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)
#define MAXADC 16
const int numberOfArduinoDigitalPins=54;
inline void analogPullup(byte pin, boolean b) { 
  digitalPullup(pin+54,b); 
}
inline void analogOutWrite(byte pin, byte b) {
  pinMode(pin+54, OUTPUT);  
  digitalWrite(pin+54,b);
}

#else
// teensy++
#if defined(__AVR_AT90USB646__) || defined(__AVR_AT90USB1286__)

#define MAXADC 8
const int numberOfArduinoDigitalPins=38;
inline void analogPullup(byte pin, boolean b) { 
   pinMode(38+pin,b?INPUT_PULLUP: INPUT); 
}
inline void analogOutWrite(byte pin, byte b) {
  pinMode(38+pin, OUTPUT);  // change directions of an analog pin
  digitalWrite(38+pin,b); 
}
#else
//AT90USB1286 teensy++
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
//teensy 2.0
#define MAXADC 12
const int numberOfArduinoDigitalPins=11; // actually the teensy 2.0 has two more non contiguously addressed (22 and 23)
inline void analogPullup(byte pin, boolean b) { 
 if(pin==11)
    pin = -1; // ouch read the diagram carefully! http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/pinout.html
   pinMode(21-pin,b?INPUT_PULLUP: INPUT); 
}
typedef enum {
  endOfpinlist=-1, a0=14,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a13,a14,a15 } 
pinnames;
inline void analogOutWrite(byte pin, byte b) {
  if(pin==11)
    pin = -1; // ouch
  pinMode(21-pin, OUTPUT);  // change directions of an analog pin
  digitalWrite(21-pin,b); 
}
#else
//6 or 8 depending
#define MAXADC 8
const int numberOfArduinoDigitalPins=13;
inline void analogPullup(byte pin, boolean b) { 
  digitalPullup(pin+14,b?HIGH:LOW); 
}

inline void analogOutWrite(byte pin, byte b) {
 
  pinMode(pin+14, OUTPUT);  // change directions of an analog pin
  digitalWrite(pin+14,b); 
}
#endif
#endif
#endif
const boolean debugging = false; // send the processed data over serial console for debugging instead of OSC
const boolean fulldebugging = false; // turn this on to get all the raw data in a form you can read on the serial console


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(debugging?9600:57600);
}
const int dtime=0;
#define BANDGAPREF 14   // special indicator that we want to measure the bandgap

void loop(){
 // analog inputs
  int adcs[MAXADC];
  float fbuf[MAXADC];
  int i;
  
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    analogPullup(i,false);
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    adcs[i] = analogRead(i); 
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    fbuf[i] = floatfrom10bitint(adcs[i]);
  sendOSCfloats("/analog", fbuf, MAXADC);  
 
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    analogPullup(i,true);
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    adcs[i] = analogRead(i); 
  for(i=0;i<MAXADC;++i)
    fbuf[i] = floatfrom10bitint(adcs[i]);
  sendOSCfloats("/up/analog", fbuf, MAXADC);  

   // temperature
  // power supply voltage
  // (clock rate)
  //digital pins
  boolean arduinodigitalpins[numberOfArduinoDigitalPins];
  for(i=0;i<numberOfArduinoDigitalPins;++i)
    digitalPullup(i,false);
  for(i=0;i<numberOfArduinoDigitalPins;++i)
    arduinodigitalpins[i] = digitalRead(i);
 sendOSCbits("/digital", arduinodigitalpins, numberOfArduinoDigitalPins);
  
  for(i=0;i<numberOfArduinoDigitalPins;++i)
    digitalPullup(i,true);
  for(i=0;i<numberOfArduinoDigitalPins;++i)
    arduinodigitalpins[i] = digitalRead(i);
 sendOSCbits("/up/digital", arduinodigitalpins, numberOfArduinoDigitalPins);
 
 #if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
Serial.send_now(); 
#endif
 #if !defined(__AVR_ATmega8__)

// temperature and power supply measurement on some Arduinos 
    // powersupply
    int result;
  // Read 1.1V reference against AVcc
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
  ADMUX = 0x40 | _BV(MUX4)| _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);
  ADCSRB =  0;
  //  ADCSRB = DEFAULT_ADCSRB | (1<<MUX5);
#elif  defined(__AVR_AT90USB646__) || defined(__AVR_AT90USB1286__)    || defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) 
  ADMUX = 0x40| _BV(MUX4) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1) ;
    ADCSRB =  0;
#else
  ADMUX = _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1);
#endif
  delayMicroseconds(300); // wait for Vref to settle
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Convert
  while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA,ADSC));
   result = ADCL;
  result |= ADCH<<8;
#endif
//    analogReference(EXTERNAL);

  float supplyvoltage = 1.1264 *1023 / result;
  sendOSCfloats("/power", &supplyvoltage, 1);


#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__) ||    (!defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) && !defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) && !defined(__AVR_AT90USB646__) && !defined(__AVR_AT90USB1286__))
 // temperature

#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
  ADMUX =  _BV(REFS1) | _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX2) | _BV(MUX1) | _BV(MUX0);
   ADCSRB =  _BV(MUX5);
#else
  ADMUX = _BV(REFS1) | _BV(REFS0) | _BV(MUX3);
#endif
  

  delayMicroseconds(200); // wait for Vref to settle
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC); // Convert
  while (bit_is_set(ADCSRA,ADSC));
  result = ADCL;
  result |= ADCH<<8;

   float temp= result/1023.0;
     sendOSCfloats("/temperature", &temp, 1);
   analogReference(DEFAULT);
 #endif
 
  long l=micros();
  sendOSClongs("/microseconds",&l,1);
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
Serial.send_now(); 
#endif
}
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